As electrification deepens, increasing power device efficiency becomes increasingly important
Air pollution has received much attention from the society, and motor vehicle emissions have become an important source of air pollution. In recent years, the number of motor vehicles in China has grown rapidly. In 2016, the number of motor vehicles in the country reached 295 million, an increase of 8.1% over 2015, of which the number of new energy vehicles reached 1.014 million. According to the classification of automobile emission standards, the national standard 1% accounted for 1.0%, the national standard 5.4%, the national standard 6.4%, the national three standard accounted for 24.3%, the national four standard accounted for 52.4%, and the national five and above standards accounted for 10.5%. . According to estimates, more than 100 million new vehicles will be added in the next five years.
According to the "China Motor Vehicle Environmental Management Annual Report (2017)" published by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, China has become the world's largest motor vehicle production and sales country for eight consecutive years. Motor vehicle exhaust is an important cause of fine particulate matter and photochemical smog pollution. Urgency is highlighted. According to the annual report, in 2016, the national initial emissions of motor vehicle emissions were 44.725 million tons, a decrease of 1.3% from 2015. Among them, carbon monoxide was 34.393 million tons, hydrocarbons were 4.22 million tons, nitrogen oxides were 5.778 million tons, and particulate matter was 534,000 tons.
The monitoring of the Ministry of Environmental Protection shows that with the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles, the air in some cities in China has begun to show the characteristics of combined pollution of soot and motor vehicle exhaust. According to the analysis results of the first batch of urban fine particulate matter sources completed in China, the contribution of PM2.5 concentration in most cities is still dominated by coal-fired emissions, but some cities have become the primary source of vehicle emissions. According to statistics, in large cities such as Beijing and Shanghai and densely populated areas in the east, the contribution rate of mobile sources to PM2.5 concentrations is as high as 20%-40%. Under extreme adverse conditions, the contribution rate will even exceed 50%.
In order to limit vehicle emissions, countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan are constantly improving the fuel consumption requirements of passenger vehicles through technical standards and regulations. The fourth-stage fuel consumption limit standard issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China requires that the average fuel consumption of passenger vehicle manufacturers must decrease from 6.9L/100km in 2015 to 5.0L/100km in 2020, and will further drop below 4.0L/100km in 2025. .
On September 28th, the industry’s long-awaited “Parallel Management Method for Average Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Points for Passenger Vehicle Enterprises†(hereinafter referred to as “Double Integration Methodâ€) was officially released, and began on April 1, 2018. Implementation. After the specific specifications and penalties are put to the show, car companies will face more urgent pressure to reduce emissions. This should be a driving force for Toyota to be the first to introduce pure electric vehicles in the Chinese market.
Whether it is a traditional fuel vehicle or a new energy vehicle, electrification technology plays an increasingly important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. Some of the effective energy-saving methods for traditional fuel vehicles can be transplanted to new energy vehicles, power devices and other electronic devices. Component performance is receiving increasing attention. In terms of systematically reducing fuel consumption, Bosch (BOSCH, 2018 Munich Shanghai Electronics Show, E4 Hall 4400) is one of the most technically accumulated manufacturers. In recent years, it has focused on the start-stop system, cylinder deactivation technology, intelligent accelerator pedal and other programs. Both significantly reduce the fuel consumption of the vehicle.
The data provided by Bosch shows that an average of 30% of the time during driving does not require engine operation. If the vehicle is running (such as a gentle downhill), the engine can be turned off, which will effectively reduce fuel consumption. The sliding function of the Bosch new start-stop system can reduce fuel consumption by 10%, and the system can be installed on any model with almost no additional parts, Bosch said, with a sliding start and stop function. The system can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 10 grams per kilometer. The cylinder deactivation technology and the intelligent accelerator pedal can also reduce fuel consumption by 5% to 7% each.
Changing the system in which the engine is directly driven to be driven by a motor (motor) also has a very large effect on reducing fuel consumption. For example, changing the steering wheel hydraulic assist system to an electric steering assist system, or changing the oil pump and water pump from an engine drive to a motor drive, all contribute to reducing fuel consumption. According to Toshiba (TOSHIBA, 2018 Munich Shanghai Electronics Show, E4 Hall 4200), the number of motors used in a car is between 30 and 150. Therefore, reducing the power consumption of the motor drive circuit has a great impact on energy saving and emission reduction. . According to Toshiba, through its original "vector engine" technology, the motor drive efficiency can be greatly improved, and the energy saving effect is very good.
Toshiba pump motor drive solution
As the degree of electrification deepens, improving the efficiency of power devices has become increasingly important, and it is also the focus of many manufacturers. According to Dr. Gourab Majumdar, chief technology officer of Mitsubishi Motors (2018 Automotive Technology Day sponsor), Mitsubishi Electric has already developed on-board power modules. To date, approximately 11 million new energy vehicles worldwide use Mitsubishi Electric's semiconductor power modules.
Mitsubishi Electric Power Devices are widely used in various new energy vehicles
The advantage of Mitsubishi Electric's automotive power modules lies in the wide range of J1A and J1B. J1A is a low-power product below 700A, while J1B has a higher power level and current can reach 1000A. The two products are superimposed to cover 300A to 1000A current rating and 650V to 1200V withstand voltage range. J1A and J1B products use pin-type radiators, which can be directly inserted into the body tank for water cooling. The J1B high-power product line is a six-in-one product, with 1000A/650V and 600A/1200V. One module can be used to build the main drive system. This series of products uses the seventh generation of IGBT chips, high power density, small stray inductance, lead-free design also meets environmental requirements.
Mitsubishi Electric Power Device Layout
In addition to traditional power devices such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, wide bandgap semiconductor devices (such as silicon carbide) are ideal for achieving the best performance of new energy vehicles due to their low switching losses, high temperature resistance and high switching frequency. Silicon carbide (SiC)-based solutions make systems more efficient, lighter, and more compact than traditional solutions.
Mitsubishi Electric launched its first generation of silicon carbide power modules in 2013, entering the second generation of products by 2015, and is the first to launch a 4-inch wafer production line. Due to the rapid growth in demand for silicon carbide, Mitsubishi Electric has invested in a 6-inch wafer production line and is expected to introduce a third-generation silicon carbide power device in 2018. In September 2017, Mitsubishi Electric released a 1200V high-efficiency SiC MOSFET. Compared with traditional SiC MOSFETs, Mitsubishi Electric's new SiC devices consume 20% less power.
High voltage has become a new trend in new energy vehicles, and 800V systems are becoming more and more common. The high-voltage system design makes ultra-fast charging possible, while the high-power transmission harness and control module are also more compact. However, the introduction of high-voltage systems also puts higher demands on circuit safety. In terms of circuit protection, there are many solutions for Littelfuse and Brightking (2018 Munich Shanghai Electronics Show, E5 Hall 5518). . Junyao Electronics can provide a wide range of EMS protection products in various specifications and different packages. It is mainly used for transient interference voltage protection of power lines and communication interfaces of various electronic control modules of automobiles, such as load dump protection and static protection. .
China's dual-point management measures, as well as the fuel vehicle exit schedules that countries are gradually developing, will lead the automotive industry to accelerate the development of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, but in the field of automotive power devices, the gap between Chinese manufacturers is still relatively large, I hope China's yuan Device manufacturers can seize the new opportunities brought about by the development of pure electric vehicles and gradually enter the on-board market, thereby enhancing the safety of China's auto industry supply.
If you want to know more about automotive electronics energy-saving and emission reduction technologies, please come to the Automotive Technology Day held at the Sheraton Grand Shanghai Pudong Hotel on March 13, 2018, and Shanghai New International on March 14-16, 2018. The electronic center China Electronics Expo (electronica China 2018), the high-end industry summit and the annual electronics industry's first large-scale exhibition event in the electronics industry will open a unique journey of automotive electronics technology for automotive professionals.
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