China and the United States are stepping into the AI ​​no-man's district _ China is expected to come to the future

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to strengthen the application of basic research, expand the implementation of major national science and technology projects, and highlight key common technologies, leading-edge technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations. Among them, “disruptive technology” has attracted much attention. What is disruptive technology? What subversive technological innovations in China are in the forefront of the world? What impact will they have on the economic and social development of our country and the world? How do we deal with the tremendous changes brought about by these technological innovations? We’re launching a series of reports starting today that will take you closer to disruptive technology.

Not long ago, the artificial intelligence robot developed by Keda Xunfei, the intelligent assistant of Xunfei, passed the comprehensive written test evaluation of 2017 clinical practitioners with high scores. Reminiscent of the Alpha dog that won the World Go Champion before, all of which triggered a public conjecture on artificial intelligence (AI) technology: Will artificial intelligence "crush" humans? What changes will it bring to human society? Can China enter the forefront of the world in the technological revolution of artificial intelligence?

Around these hot topics, the reporter interviewed relevant experts.

"Artificial intelligence is not a new topic." Song Jiqiang, president of Intel China Research Institute, said that as early as the 1960s and 1980s, artificial intelligence had two development booms. "The rise of the artificial intelligence boom stems from the breakthrough of algorithms in the academic world - deep learning, a machine learning algorithm using multi-layer neural networks. In 2005 and 2006, there have been some well-established deep learning algorithm applications. In the field of cartographic recognition and large-scale task processing; in 2008, the large image database 'ImageNet' came into being, providing a good foundation for end-to-end training required for deep learning. In 2012, computing power has allowed scientists to two to three Training for larger deep neural networks within a week, which used to take several months of training can even be shortened to within one day."

Song Jiqiang said that since 2012, domestic research institutes and enterprises have made many breakthroughs in artificial intelligence. “China is relatively weak in terms of original innovation algorithms, but is better at rapid iteration and scale, so it can come later. In the two years of international related events, the top three were basically taken over by the Chinese team.”

"From a technical point of view, artificial intelligence is usually divided into three phases, namely, computational intelligence, perceived intelligence, and cognitive intelligence." Hu Guoping, dean of the University of Science and Technology, said that in terms of computational intelligence, the machine has definitely surpassed humans; Perceptual intelligence is to let the computer "listen to listen (see) can say", now the perceived intelligence can basically compete with people, even surpass humans in special tasks such as medical image reading; cognitive intelligence refers to the understanding, reasoning, and knowledge of knowledge. Application, in the past one or two years, leading artificial intelligence companies at home and abroad are mainly doing research in this area. At present, the ability of machines in reading comprehension is close to human beings.

In this way, will artificial intelligence soon surpass humanity?

The answer given by the experts is no.

"The development prospects of artificial intelligence are indeed limitless, but all science and technology, including artificial intelligence, are non-linear in development and will not move forward quickly along a straight line." Wang Feiyue, vice chairman and secretary general of the China Automation Society, pointed out that Many science and technology will encounter bottlenecks when they develop to a certain extent, and they will stagnate for a long time. This has been illustrated by the history of artificial intelligence.

Wang Feiyue said that so far, there is no universal artificial intelligence technology, and all artificial intelligence applications are limited to specific scenarios, and it is impossible to "take all". "For example, although Go is a high IQ intelligence activity, its rules are simple, fixed, and closed. Human behavior and social life are complex and variable, and it is impossible to generalize and describe it with simple rules. At present, the development stage of artificial intelligence, It is equivalent to the stage where the steam train runs 5 kilometers per hour, and there is still a long distance from catching up with the brain."

"We must recognize the broad prospects of artificial intelligence, but we should not be overly eager, and we should treat it rationally, otherwise the craze will become a cold wave." Song Jiqiang said that the past two wave of artificial intelligence booms are basically "hot five years, cold ten years." "The industry hopes that this wave will last for 30 years, that is, it will continue until around 2045." “If you think of these 30 years as a marathon, artificial intelligence is just starting.”

Artificial intelligence will replace many jobs, but it will also create many new jobs.

Experts pointed out that the impact of artificial intelligence on human society will be comprehensive and will make our life more and more beautiful.

Artificial intelligence can take on simple and repetitive work. "Now we have developed a voice input method and a Chinese-English translation machine that has been rapidly popularized. Speech recognition technology can convert people's words into words in real time, with an accuracy rate of over 98%." Liu Qingfeng, chairman of the board of directors of Science and Technology, said, "As long as it is simple Repetitive skills, as well as skills that can be learned and trained without the need for talent, artificial intelligence can completely replace humans."

Artificial intelligence can significantly improve human productivity. For example, Song Jiqiang said that relying on manual identification and review of pictures and videos, the workload is very large and the speed is very slow, and now it can be handed over to the machine. It quickly filters out most of the useless information, saving manpower and time. “For example, in foreign applications, the National Center for Missing and Persecuted Children (NCMEC) showed that in 2016, there were 8.2 million reports related to image abuse, online temptation, trafficking and harassment. Based on Intel's AI technology, The center can quickly scan websites with suspicious content, quickly query and share data, and the processing report turnaround time can be shortened to 1 to 2 days in the past 30 days. For children who are missing and persecuted, this saves more than 20 Heaven is just a lifetime."

Artificial intelligence can expand human perception. "Human senses only have ears, eyes, nose, mouth, etc. Artificial intelligence can expand and extend human perception and mobility." Song Jiqiang said, "A few people are born with hearing impairment, visual impairment, etc. Artificial intelligence can make up for these." defect."

Artificial intelligence can also help humans explore new and unknown areas. “How the human brain continues to learn and accumulate knowledge, how people generate emotions and consciousness, these are still unknown. With advanced algorithms, combined with data for rapid analysis and cross-domain comprehensive comparison, it is expected to explore human cognition and Things at the spiritual level." Song Jiqiang said that in the future, humans can also explore the vast universe and deep oceans with artificial intelligence.

What do people who have been replaced by artificial intelligence?

"This is actually not a concern." Wang Feiyue said that although artificial intelligence will replace some jobs, it will also create new jobs. “For example, the map app installed on the mobile phone seems to deprive people who use the instrument for field measurement and map making, but it also creates a new position: driving the car to take pictures, software maintenance... The map people are actually a lot more than the original, but the way they work is different."

“Research shows that machines that can communicate socially and creatively can never be replaced. Artificial intelligence frees humans from monotonous and low-level work, and people can do more fun and creative things.” Liu Qingfeng said, “ We must change the confrontational thinking between human and artificial intelligence PK, establish a new thinking of 'human-machine coupling', and use artificial intelligence to do things that were previously impossible and unexpected."

As long as we adhere to the "top of the earth" and solid advancement, China's artificial intelligence development is expected to come to the fore

Can China, which has missed two previous artificial intelligence booms, come to the forefront of this wave of enthusiasm?

The answers given by the interviewed experts are highly consistent: it is entirely possible.

Wang Feiyue, Liu Qingfeng and Hu Guoping believe that in the field of artificial intelligence, China and the United States have simultaneously entered the “no man's land”. China has more advantages than the United States in terms of institutional arrangements, industrial applications, data sharing and public acceptance, and it is well able to come later.

Song Jiqiang also believes that although the United States and Europe are stronger in terms of original innovations such as deep learning, the Chinese team is better at following up understanding and transformation applications, and is also very good at testing actual data sets and building large-scale computer cluster training. .

Four experts pointed out that the United States and Europe are currently in a leading position in the underlying science, original technology innovation and existing artificial intelligence talent. "At present, 70% of the artificial intelligence engineers are concentrated in the United States and Europe. China accounts for only about one-tenth of the total, and there are very few people with ten years of work experience." Song Jiqiang said.

"Therefore, we have always insisted on 'topping the ground'." Liu Qingfeng said, "Dingtian" means that we must aim at the frontier and work hard on original innovation; "site" means to apply grounding gas in the application, and to promote relevant technologies in a down-to-earth manner. Continuous development and promotion of products. "I hope that the country can promote the cooperation of industry, academia and research with greater intensity and efficiency, and create a good ecological ecosystem of artificial intelligence."

"Science has no borders, technology has no borders, and closed doors will lead to self-restraint." Song Jiqiang said that China needs to have an international vision in the development of artificial intelligence, and openly cooperate with internationally powerful enterprises to cooperate and innovate and learn from each other.

Extended reading

Cool application of artificial intelligence

Help the doctor see the film

The use of artificial intelligence to help doctors identify medical images is a new technology developed by many artificial intelligence companies in recent years. In the global lung nodule test conducted in August this year, artificial intelligence needed to identify lung CT samples and look for lung nodules. The “Medical Image-Assisted Diagnostic System” released by Keda Xunfei has set a new world record, with an accuracy rate of 94.1%.

Help the little brother pick up the courier

This year's "Double 11" is exceptionally green and smart. Many domestic e-commerce and express delivery companies deploy artificial intelligence in the field of logistics. They are equipped with intelligent robots for express sorting. Some robots can work for a few hours in just a few minutes. These intelligent robots can identify the face information of the courier and then design the optimal route for sorting.

Easily recognize faces

Checkout does not need to go to the wallet, do not need to take the ID card after security check, do not need to find the key to go home... All this can be solved by "brushing face". This hands-free operation relies on artificial intelligence face recognition technology. The face recognition accuracy of many face-finding software has far exceeded the naked eye, overcoming the technical obstacles of light, expression, make-up, age and even facelift, and even the twins can easily identify.

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