Environmental monitoring system based on I2C interface and communication with superior wireless sensor network
This project developed an environmental monitoring system that uses Xilinx's SPARTAN3A-DSP FPGA as the target development board to collect digital and analog sensor data and use the I2C interface to communicate with the superior wireless sensor network. The interface module of the temperature and humidity digital sensor (SHT1x) and the air pressure analog sensor (MPX599D), the I2C output interface module and the master control module are written in the VHDL language. Manufactured with SPARTAN3A-DSP and interface board, access to analog and digital sensor semaphores. This project utilizes the programmable features of FPGAs, with different sensors, combined with wireless sensor networks to improve the ability of wireless sensor network systems to carry different sensor applications. The standard output interface of I2C also enables the system to extend the ability to connect to various upper-level microcontrollers.
1 Overview1.1 Project Background
With the development of microprocessors, various types of devices are increasingly becoming networked. The Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted widespread attention in 2009. It is predicted that wireless sensor applications will become the hotspot of the latest electronic intelligence society in 2010. With the continuous development of materials science, electrochemical science, and biological science, new types of sensor products emerge in an endless stream. The sensor acquisition boards currently on the market cannot be changed once they have been finalized. The feature of FPGA products is the ability to repeatedly modify the hardware design. To this end, the idea of ​​using FPGAs to design various types of sensor access has arisen. The advantage of the system is that when the sensor connected to the system changes, the FPGA interface circuit module can be redesigned to accommodate the new product. To this end, the project trial FPGAs connect wireless sensor networks with typical digital and analog sensors to meet the needs of environmental monitoring.
As shown in Figure 1-1, the dotted line box represents the external natural environment, the circular representation sensor, the box represents the FPGA-based environmental monitoring system, the antenna represents the I2C interface device, the cloud represents the wireless sensor network, and the PC represents the user terminal.
The entire workflow is: the sensor is connected to the environmental monitoring system via the EXP interface on the FPGA. The system collects data from the sensor by sending commands. After data acquisition, the system collects data from the sensor using the I2C interface, for example, it can be transmitted over a wireless sensor network and ultimately output the results to the terminal. Thereby achieving monitoring of the external environment.
Figure 1-2. Block Diagram of an FPGA-Based Environmental Monitoring System
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