Next generation video encoder
Advanced Video Coding (AVC) is slowly surpassing the main standards of digital video. Also known as H.264 and MPEG-4part10, its AVC encoding can produce good quality standard definition video streams from 1 Mbit/s to 2 Mbit/s; in high definition (HD), it can be broadcast at 10~12 Mbit/s. HD image.
This has great appeal for telephone companies to send video over the telephone line using IP protocols and ADSL2, and satellite and cable TV operators can compress more channels into their services without having to add new capacity.
Therefore, the AVC decoder is rapidly becoming a commodity. ST, Broadcom, Conexant Systems, etc. are suppliers of AVC decoders for set-top boxes.
A new generation of AVC encoders
Tandbery Televison and Harmonic encoder vendors use Xilinx's high-end FPGAs and their own ASICs to encode bitstreams in real time.
The latest silicon technology has made AVC encoding a fairly inexpensive device.
Telairity has developed a single-chip encoder to replace eight FPGAs in the encoder. Telairity's TIP2000 single-chip encoder combines five independent vector/scalar cores, video controllers and DRAM controllers (Figure 1) to support up to 5.2 Gbit/s of I/O bandwidth. Each vector/scalar core has four vector pipelines with independent hardware, independent scalar units, 128kbyte on-chip vector SRAM, 4KByte vector SRAM data cache, 8Kbyte scalar scratchpad memory, and 32kbyte instruction cache.
The Korean company has developed a single-chip MPEG-4 encoder and decoder that can handle four channels. The IME6500 offers full standard definition TV resolution performance with multiple programmable filters that improve interface performance and image quality, and reduce noise distortion in dark or near dark conditions, making it ideal for surveillance applications. The IME6500 has a PCB footprint of only 17 x 17mm and consumes 300mW. It is suitable for personal video recorders, security, machine observation, medical equipment and CCTV. It has two reference designs: a 4-channel PCI interface module and a 4-channel digital video recorder for independent applications.
Vixs Systems has also developed an MPEG-4 encoder for distributing video between display devices. This is designed to integrate next-generation TV, PC, PCTV tuner cards, DVD-R units, set-top boxes and personal video recorders (PVRs). Its XCodeII encoder is based on the MIPS processor core with hardware accelerator.
TI also sees coding capabilities as key. TI's DaVinci platform combines the ARM core with the latest digital signal processing cores for a wide range of applications (such as portable video, surveillance systems, standard definition TV with telephone lines, and even high definition TV). The first two models of the DaVinci platform are video devices and video surveillance applications for IPTV as well as video applications. TI's DM6443 and DM6446 (Figure 2) include a 300MHz ARM926EJ processor core, a 600MHz C64X DSP core, and the ability to process software video codecs. The DM6443 for IPTV applications is mainly for standard definition TV, but it can also handle 720P HDTV with a certain compiled code, and includes interfaces to DDR memory and ATA hard disk drive. It incorporates another seven chips (including FPGAs). The DM6446 adds a video encoder for video surveillance applications, while the ARM core running Linux makes the application easier, without having to program the DSP directly. The key feature is a complete software architecture (from low-level operating system drivers to application APIs), which allows developers to implement digital video without having to focus on writing and optimizing the code or programming DSP resources. TI has developed Linux APIs that obscure the complex hardware and software details from developers implementing the code, allowing interchangeable multimedia codecs without having to modify the application code.
The popularity of AVC in the episode broadcast is driving the cost of decoder chips down. In turn, it will drive more economical encoders to open video applications into more traditional embedded markets, such as video surveillance and medical imaging.
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Figure 1 Telairity-1 block diagram
Figure 2 Block diagram of DM6446 based on DaVinci platform
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