Texas Instruments HD Audio System Design

In response to customer demand for top-quality audio quality, audio system designers are investigating high-resolution or high-definition (HD) audio because more and more mid-range system buyers need HD audio performance that was previously only available in high-end systems. type. In the past, the 44.1 kHz CD quality sampling frequency was sufficient for most markets, but today (and for the foreseeable future), the demand for high-fidelity sound will only continue to grow.

According to professional and consumer audio equipment companies, higher sampling frequencies capture and reproduce a wider range of frequencies. Reproductions of audio frequencies greater than 20 kHz, including ultra-high frequency harmonics, give characteristics of the subtle components of sound, particularly acoustic instruments. According to these audio equipment companies, there are some technical advantages that make it worthwhile to switch to higher sampling frequencies, such as the use of steep filters during digital to analog conversion or analog to digital conversion to reduce unwanted side effects.

Simply choosing a ready-made music player will not deliver on the promise of high-resolution audio, which requires specialized hardware to truly enjoy its rich content and subtleties. Of course, not every audio file or media is recorded in HD audio.

Design HD audio system

As with every high-performance design, the entire audio signal chain is handled in a system-wide manner, ensuring a powerful and high-performance solution. Because every link in the audio signal chain is important to ensure that it does not have the weakest link, each link must meet all design target specifications such as performance, cost, time to market, and ease of use. Figure 1 shows the basics in an HD system.

Figure 1: HD Audio System

The power management module provides the correct power level for Wi-Fi® speaker circuits. Assuming the application is powered by the system (not battery powered) and depending on the output power, the power supply not only needs to provide the voltage and current required to meet the system's power requirements; it also needs to provide a clean and stable power rail to prevent any power noise from entering the audio. System and reduce audio quality.

The connectivity module provides wireless communication to the system via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth® via a computer, smartphone, tablet or wireless-enabled product. Standard Bluetooth modules today offer an all-in-one solution for portable audio systems because they natively support both wireless and wired audio. But because lossless high-resolution audio streams require higher bandwidth, their limited bandwidth constitutes a potential bottleneck. The new Bluetooth audio encoding technology promises to increase bandwidth to support HD audio.

On the other hand, Wi-Fi includes greater network capacity, strong signaling, and a wider range of radio frequencies. Its increased bandwidth capacity and system throughput make it more suitable for high-definition audio applications.

The processor performs various audio processing functions, such as decoding and signal equalization, while also processing the Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth communication software stack. In the past, the sampling frequency of CD quality may be sufficient. But today's high-fidelity audio systems place additional demands on processors in the signal chain because high-fidelity sound quality requires sampling rates in the 24-bit music signal stream from 48kHz to 192kHz.

The audio module contains all the electronics needed to drive the speakers in the system. Because the signals from the connected modules and the processor have low voltage and low current capability, the audio amplifier provides the signal with the necessary higher voltage and current capability to drive the drivers in the speaker system. The module may include an audio digital to analog converter (DAC) for converting digital audio signals from the processor to analog audio signals, and providing other audio processing in the digital domain to further enrich the customer experience in high end systems. Another key component of the audio module is the audio amplifier.

Audio Amplifier: Class AB and Class D

When choosing the best audio amplifier for your HD audio system, you have two options: Class AB or Class D. Class AB audio amplifiers are linear amplifiers that do not require many external electronic components. But they are extremely inefficient and require a large amount of passive or even active thermal management in the form of heat sinks and fans.

Class D audio amplifiers, on the other hand, are highly efficient switching amplifiers that require little thermal management, but they require an output inductor.

For many years, amplifiers in HD audio have been Class AB amplifiers. Audio Class D amplifiers are considered to be non-compliant because they do not meet all the requirements of HD audio; they no longer exist today. TI's latest generation of Class D amplifiers enhances the overall performance and efficiency of HD audio systems by establishing a symbiotic relationship with the digital engine while efficiently delivering enhanced audio quality to the speakers.

Optimize HD audio design

High-performance HD audio amplifiers with integrated DACs and processing capabilities, such as TI's new TAS5782M, help audio designers greatly simplify designs, reduce costs and shorten design cycles. The integrated DAC helps reduce system complexity by providing a way to connect the audio amplifier directly to the processor, ensuring maximum signal integrity and reducing component count.

Integrated audio processing greatly reduces the cost and computational requirements of the main application processor by offloading all audio processing into the amplifier itself. You can further reduce cost and size by reducing the cost and size of the main processor. Figure 2 is a block diagram of the optimization.

Figure 2: Optimized HD Audio System

Have you designed a high definition audio system? If so, what specifications are most important to you? Log in and post a comment, or visit the Texas Instruments Online Support Community Audio Amplifier Forum.

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