A repeater is an intra-frequency relay device that directly amplifies a signal during wireless communication transmission. Its basic function is an RF signal power booster. Due to its low construction cost, simple installation and flexible networking, the repeater is widely used in mobile communication systems as an auxiliary means for base station coverage to solve blind or weak zone problems that are difficult for general base stations to cover and improve network quality. For example, in highways, subways, tunnels, parking lots, shopping malls, hotels, airports, terminals, remote suburbs, and densely populated indoors, repeaters are installed to increase network coverage and eliminate signal weak areas and blind areas.
With the popularity of repeaters, repeater energy consumption has become an important part of mobile communication energy consumption. At present, Hengshui Telecom's average daily energy consumption per station is less than 2.7kWh, and the total energy consumption is about 5,000kWh per month, which is 75% lower than when it took over CDMA network in 2008.
The five major energy-saving technologies of the current repeaterTime slot intelligent shutdown
The power amplifier is the most energy-consuming part of the mobile communication repeater equipment. For example, in a device with an output power of more than 20W, the power consumption of the power amplifier usually accounts for 80% of the energy consumption of the whole equipment. In the current GSM repeater, whether the device status is busy or idle, whether each time slot has a user occupation, the power amplifier in the device is normally open. In fact, in the time slot without user occupation, the power amplifier can be turned off to reduce the energy consumption of the whole device. The time slot intelligent power-off technology is based on this feature, and it can control the switching state of the downlink power amplifier in the time slot according to the occupancy information of each carrier frequency traffic channel. The time slot intelligent shut-off technology is precise and efficient, and can effectively realize the energy saving of the GSM repeater.
Predistortion technology
The pre-distortion technology can greatly improve the linearity of the power amplifier, and realize that the working point of the power amplifier is slightly closer to the saturation region, so that the power amplifier can work at a higher power to achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction of the repeater.
Predistortion is further divided into analog predistortion (APD) and digital predistortion (DPD). Analog pre-distortion means inserting a predistorter before the amplifier input. The nonlinearity produced by this predistorter is opposite to the nonlinearity produced by the power amplifier, which makes the synthesized transmission characteristics appear better linear. The analog pre-distortion is simple to implement, technically difficult, and low in cost, but the linearity is not improved. Digital pre-distortion is a new type of technology developed in recent years. It is the mainstream of linear power amplifier development. It has high linearity and high efficiency, but the circuit is complex and difficult to implement.
Intelligent working state switching technology
The system can adjust the uplink power of the repeater according to the number of accesses of the users in the coverage area through intelligent detection. If there is no user uplink in the downlink, the uplink uplink channel can be automatically shut down, and the mobile terminal signal is automatically activated when the mobile phone signal is accessed. Switching to the normal working state, thereby reducing power consumption, taking into account the basic unattended communication after 0 o'clock in the night, the far-end upstream channel is basically in a sleep state, greatly saving the power consumption of the whole machine.
Intelligent carrier scheduling technology
In areas where the traffic volume of schools, office buildings, gymnasiums, etc. has obvious tidal characteristics, the working principle of the carrier pool can be utilized, and the time strategy is used to turn off the RF switch of the downstream power amplifier of the repeater in part of the time period, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction. . The user can set the uplink and downlink switches of the carrier pool remote by monitoring the system's network management interface or setting an automatic switch. When the remote base station has a busy carrier frequency and a large traffic volume, and the carrier frequency support is required, the radio frequency signal switch is set to be enabled, and the carrier frequency resource of the near-end base station is transmitted to the remote base station through the carrier pool system. When the remote base station has a small amount of traffic and no carrier frequency requirement, the radio frequency signal switch is set to be off, and the scheduled carrier frequency resource of the remote base station is deprived.
Miniaturized design
The multi-density carrier and the radio frequency broadband technology are used to realize 4 to 6 carriers for a single module, and the repeater has the same volume, lighter weight, and lower standby power requirements. The volume of the whole machine can be reduced to 1/2 to 1/4 of the original volume, saving aluminum casing material and reducing the amount of rare metals; reducing the silver plating process of passive components, saving silver materials and reducing environmental pollution; reducing internal feeder links , saving copper materials. Improve the power conversion efficiency, the total power supply of the whole machine adopts high-efficiency switching power supply to reduce power loss; the internal circuits of all modules in the whole machine are powered by high-efficiency switching power supply; in the design of equipment power supply design, the power conversion efficiency is emphasized, thus achieving low energy consumption. purpose.
Future repeaters tend to be miniaturized
In areas with sufficient sunshine, such as China's western Inner Mongolia, western Gansu, southern Xinjiang, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the annual average sunshine time is more than 1800 hours, and the annual total radiation is more than 440kJ/cm2. It has abundant solar energy resources and can use solar energy. The power supply system supplies power to the repeater, thereby reducing power consumption and achieving energy savings. The solar power supply system is mainly composed of solar panels, controllers and batteries. In the solar power system, the repeater is powered by the battery pack to maintain normal operation. The battery pack supplies power to the repeater station when there is no sunshine or rainy weather. When the weather is fine and there is sunshine, the battery pack supplies power to the device on the one hand, and the battery pack supplies power to the battery pack on the other hand to supplement the amount of power released by the device during the no-light time. The function of the solar controller is to control the working state of the whole system and to protect the battery from over-charge protection and over-discharge protection.
A new scheme for the construction of a refined network for energy saving and consumption reduction. When the network construction encounters a small signal weak area and a blind area needs to be covered, the user needs are taken as the starting point, and the micro base station and the micro power signal booster are used. Micro-area coverage solutions based on micro-power and low-emission equipment applications, such as precise network coverage for small areas, so that small areas that need to be covered are covered in the most accurate way, while saving The waste of resources by other network construction programs. Due to the small power required by this solution, some models of such devices can even be powered by the computer U port. Such a solution is of course a network construction scheme with lower emissions.
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