Analysis of working principle of heating and air conditioning
Car heating and air conditioning equipment, which is what we usually call air conditioning. Its main function is to provide comfortable temperature for the occupants in the car at different external temperatures. Guaranteed good visibility through all windshields. Provide a relaxed and enjoyable environment for the driver. Clean the air with a filter that uses particles, pollen, or even odor.
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Heating regulates the heating function of many countries, especially the removal of deposits or frost on windshield. Changes in the outside air temperature of the car and changes in the speed of the car cause fluctuations in the air temperature inside the car. Continuous manual air conditioning is required on vehicles without air conditioning equipment. The electronic heating adjustment can maintain almost the desired and set internal air temperature of the car. 
On the water side regulating heating device, the temperature sensor measures the temperature of the air inside the vehicle and the temperature of the air flowing out of the vehicle. The temperature regulator processes the measurement and compares it to the temperature setpoint that needs to be adjusted. The temperature regulator transmits a voltage pulse to a solenoid valve located in the cooling medium circuit according to a certain algorithm, and opens and closes the solenoid valve according to a certain pulse cycle frequency. The flow rate of the cooling medium can be adjusted from zero to maximum by changing the pulse width within the same pulse cycle time. On the air side regulating heating equipment, mostly through a geared motor, stepless adjustment of the cold / hot air mixing valve (occasionally also through pneumatic linear drive, stepless adjustment of the cold / hot air mixing valve). For special heating requirements, heating equipment with separate air temperature adjustments in the left and right sides of the vehicle can also be used.
The electronically regulated heating of the air conditioner can achieve the comfort of the occupant to a certain extent. When the external temperature of the car is higher than 20 °C, the temperature inside the car needs to reach the ideal state, and only the compression refrigeration equipment and the refrigerant medium R134a can be used to cool the air temperature inside the vehicle. Further, moisture carried out by the cooled air will be precipitated as condensed water, thereby obtaining cool and dry air. 
The advantage of a car equipped with heating and cooling equipment is that the air can be adjusted automatically. It is difficult because the driver wants to meet the comfort air required by all the occupants in the car. Especially for the driver of the bus, he only feels the temperature of the air inside the car in the front of the car. Air temperature, air volume and air distribution with program selection. These parameters are always related and cannot be changed arbitrarily. 
A compressor driven by an engine that compresses and heats a gaseous refrigerant medium. It is cooled in the condenser to become a liquid, and the heat of cooling is released into the surrounding air. The expansion valve injects the cooled refrigerant into the evaporator, and in the evaporator, absorbs the heat of vaporization required by the refrigerant medium from the fresh air passing through it. The moisture contained in the fresh air that has been cooled is condensed to produce cool and dry fresh air. 
The interior air temperature regulation loop is the core component of the air conditioning system. The set temperature value can be obtained by adjusting the air side or water side temperature. The fresh air drawn in by the fan is cooled by the evaporator or heated by the hot body and transported to the vehicle according to the position of each tuyere. The electronic control unit detects all important temperature influence parameters, interference parameters and the air temperature of the vehicle selected by the occupant on the temperature setter according to various temperature sensors, and obtains the current air temperature set value. Comparing the air temperature setting value with the actual temperature value of the vehicle air can obtain a temperature deviation between them. The electronic control unit determines the heating amount of the hot body and the heating adjustment of the solenoid valve according to the temperature difference, or determines the cooling regulation of the evaporation capacity of the liquid refrigerant medium of the evaporator and the compression amount of the gaseous refrigerant medium of the compressor, and the adjustment of the fresh air amount by the fan. Another adjustment function is to activate the individual air outlets that regulate the air distribution according to the occupant adjusted air temperature program. All air distribution adjustment loops can be changed by manual operation.
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