The status quo and future development and application of optical fiber communication

Light is everywhere. In the early days of human development, humans have begun to use light to transmit information. But at that time, the amount of information transmitted was very small and the limitations were great.

With the development of society, the amount of information transmission and exchange is increasing day by day, and the traditional way of electric communication can no longer meet people's needs. In order to expand the communication capacity, the communication method has evolved from medium wave and short wave to microwave and millimeter wave, which is actually to increase the communication capacity by increasing the communication carrier frequency. This has led to the current optical communication technology, which is fiber-optic communication.

Optical fiber communication is a communication method in which an image, a data, and the like to be transmitted are modulated onto an optical carrier, and an optical fiber is used as a transmission medium.

Compared with traditional electrical communication, optical fiber communication uses high-frequency optical waves as carriers and optical fibers as transmission media. Since optical fiber communication has the advantages of low loss, large transmission bandwidth, large capacity, small size, light weight, anti-electromagnetic interference, and low cross-talk, it has been favored by people in the industry since its appearance, and its development is very rapid. The transmission capacity of fiber-optic communication systems has increased nearly 10,000 times the transmission speed since 1980 and has increased by about 100 times in the past 10 years.

Optical fiber development and application

In order to develop optical communication technology, various transmission media have been considered and tried, but their losses are very high. It was not until 1966 that American Chinese Dr. Gao Wei and Hockham published papers that it was foreseen that low-loss fibers could be used in communications and opened the door to fiber-optic communications. Since the application of this fiber in communication has attracted people's attention.

Soon in August 1970, Corning Corporation of the United States first developed a loss of 20dB/kM fiber. The era of fiber-optic communication began.

In 1972, as the level of raw material purification, rod making and wire drawing technology in the fiber preparation process continued to increase, the attenuation coefficient of the gradient-index multimode fiber was reduced to 4 dB/km.

In 1973, the fiber loss developed by Bell Labs in the United States was reduced to 2.5 dB/km. In 1974 it fell to 1.1dB/km.

In 1976, the Japan Telegraph Telephone (NTT) company reduced the fiber loss to 0.47 dB/km (wavelength 1.2).

In the next 10 years, the fiber loss at the 1.55 wavelength drops sharply.

(As shown): 20dB/km in 1979, 0.157dB/km in 1984, and 0.154dB/km in 1986, close to the theoretical limit of the minimum loss of fiber.

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The development of fiber-optic communication relies on advances in fiber-optic communication technology. At present, optical fiber communication technology has made great progress. New technologies are also emerging to greatly improve communication capabilities and continue to expand the range of applications for fiber-optic communications.

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