Detailed explanation of pressure sensors used in the medical field
Pressure sensors have been used in the medical industry for a long time. Pressure sensors have been considered for applications in the medical industry when they were born. In recent years, as the performance of pressure sensors has been further improved, their applications in the medical industry have also been very good. development of. As pressure sensors use new technologies and new materials, their performance and stability have been better developed, and the development of pressure sensors in the medical industry will also be further improved. Now countries are investing a lot of manpower and funds to open up and develop medical services. Pressure Sensor.
Arterial blood pressure refers to the lateral pressure (pressure) of blood against the wall of the aorta per unit area, and generally refers to the blood pressure in the aorta. The international standard unit is Pa (Pa) or kilopascal (kPa), which is often expressed in millimeters of mercury in the past. The elastic expansion and retraction of the large arteries prevent the systolic blood pressure from being too high and the diastolic blood pressure from being too low, which has an important buffering effect. Sufficient blood filling in the blood vessels is a prerequisite for the formation of arterial blood pressure. The ventricular systolic ejection and the resistance (peripheral resistance) encountered by the blood flow to the periphery are the basic factors that form the arterial blood pressure. Part of the work done by systole is used for flow velocity and part of it produces lateral pressure, but if there is no peripheral resistance, blood is quickly lost to the periphery, and the lateral pressure on the aortic wall cannot be maintained.
Arterial blood pressure is one of the important indicators of circulatory function, too high or too low arterial blood pressure will affect the blood supply of various organs and the burden on the heart. If the arterial blood pressure is too low, the blood supply to the organs will be reduced, especially the insufficient blood supply of the brain and heart and other important organs, which will lead to serious consequences. If the blood pressure is too high, the heart and blood vessels are overloaded. Patients with long-term hypertension often cause compensatory hypertrophy of the heart, cardiac insufficiency, and even heart failure. The blood vessels are subjected to high pressure for a long time, and the blood vessel wall itself undergoes pathological changes, which can even cause serious consequences such as rupture and cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, it is very important to maintain a relatively stable state of arterial blood pressure close to normal.
Intracranial pressure, the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity, is normally 100-150 mm Hg and 10-15 mm Hg. According to the National Medical Qualification Examination Practice Skills Guide p325, the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid in normal adult lying position is 0.78~1.76kpa (80~180mm water column) or 40~50 drops/min. The pressure of children is within 10mm water column with breathing fluctuations. 0.4~1.0kpa (40~100mm water column).
Intracranial pressure fluctuates with the beating of the heart, and the amplitude ranges from 0.27 to 0.53 kPa (2 to 4 mmHg), which is the result of arterial expansion caused by each stroke of the heart. As the breathing action changes, the intracranial pressure also fluctuates slowly, with an amplitude of about 0.7~1.33kPa (5~10mmHg). This is the result of intrathoracic pressure acting on the superior vena cava and causing venous changes. In addition, there are spontaneous rhythmic fluctuations in intracranial pressure, which is a response to the movement of blood vessels and cerebral blood vessels throughout the body. Because the brain fluctuates under the influence of many factors, the pressure measured per unit time has only relative significance. To understand the situation of intracranial pressure more accurately, the method of continuous pressure measurement and recording should be adopted. Continuously measure and record the pressure, you can know the changes of intracranial pressure at any time, and can obtain more accurate intracranial pressure data. This method is called intracranial pressure monitoring. Clinically, the intracranial pressure is expressed by the average value, which is equivalent to 1/3 of the amplitude on the graph, that is, the diastolic pressure at the lower edge of the curve plus 1/3 to obtain the pulse pressure (the difference between the pressure on the curve and the pressure on the curve). Equivalent to 0.7~2.0kPa (5~15mmHg).
Intrapulmonary pressure refers to the pressure in the alveoli. Intrapulmonary pressure is constantly changing, not static. Intrapulmonary pressure refers to the pressure in the alveoli, which is constantly changing. During exhalation, intrapulmonary pressure>atmospheric pressure; at the end of expiration, intrapulmonary pressure=atmospheric pressure; during inhalation, intrapulmonary pressure<atmospheric pressure; at the end of inspiration, intrapulmonary pressure=atmospheric pressure.
When the pressure in the lungs decreases, the blood entering the pulmonary circulation increases, the remaining blood at the end of the right heart systole decreases, the pressure in the right heart decreases, and the volume of blood to reply increases. Deep exhalation or deep inhalation can weaken or increase the murmur of the corresponding lesion by changing the intrathoracic pressure to change the blood flow of the response.
Finally, I will introduce to you a fiber optic sensor imported by Gongcai.com from abroad for arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, pulmonary pressure and other medical accidents. It is the fiber optic pressure sensor imported from Canada FISO company-FOP-M260, FOP-M260 The optical fiber pressure sensor is a small, high-precision sensor specially designed for the medical field. Completely anti-electromagnetic interference and completely intrinsically safe to the human body. This optical fiber pressure sensor can be mainly used in cardiovascular, pharmacology, neurology, spine, urology, ophthalmology, pulmonary, gastroenterology and other fields in the medical field.
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