Talking about Several Factors Affecting Visual Effects in TV Evening

Abstract: This paper analyzes many factors affecting TV video footage, hoping to bring some inspiration to practitioners entering the TV industry, to avoid detours, and to understand the importance of coordination and cooperation among various departments.

【Key words】 visual effect color temperature white composition

In the TV evening, with the improvement of people's aesthetics and the appreciation of habits, the requirements for the entertainment, appreciation, knowledge and even education of the program are getting higher and higher. Correspondingly, in addition to the increasingly demanding content of the program. High, the requirements for TV pictures are getting higher and higher. Because the beautiful TV screen will make people feel happy and relaxed, and let the audience watch TV programs for a long time without feeling tired, not feeling boring, and can feel that the program is more interesting. So, what are the factors that affect visual effects in TV evenings? I think there are many factors such as beauty, lighting, clothing, makeup, video, technology, smoke, etc. I will discuss them one by one.

First, the stage art

We all know that the role of stage art in TV evenings is very important and unquestionable.

In terms of the structure and practicality of the dance, it sometimes provides space and pivots for the actors' performances. For example, in the dance of songs, in order to highlight the singer or lead dance, it may be used to lift the stage, telescopic stage, pressure, etc., highlighting the "point" in the "face", which is connected with the painting, and has a high light point. Sometimes it is a multi-level and multi-regional performance space for the actors, which makes the singing and dancing schedule rich in layers, which can give the audience a feeling of surprise and refreshment, so that the audience will not be bored. For example, the use of multiple stages, lifting platforms, rotating stages, multi-level steps, etc., can allow the song and dance actor to be divided into different areas, which can be gathered and scattered, and can be rounded and other shapes, so that the picture can flow and change. In the performances of drama and essays, in order to create tension in the drama and strengthen the conflict of drama, the design of the dance will also provide some fulcrums for the actors such as high platforms, round tables, benches, etc., which not only promote the development of the drama, but also in the picture. Be the focus, let the audience's eyes focus on this, better express the essence of the plot and the central idea. I just talked about the role of the structure and practicality of the dance in the performance. So, how does it affect the visual effect of the TV party? We know that the TV video is composed of one frame of picture. After a series of consecutive frames, there are some changes in points or faces that continue to innovate and surprise the audience. Just like we go to see the exhibition, with our footsteps, beautiful pictures are always flowing. Imagine that when we watched the TV party, from beginning to end, there was no change in the beauty of the dance. It has always been a platform, a set of scenery, is it very boring?

Let’s talk about the decorative nature of the dance. The beauty of dancing and dancing, as the name implies, is the art on the stage. One of its functions is to make the stage beautiful! It is the decorative stage. For example, the decoration of the mouthpiece, the decoration along the side curtain, the decoration of the background, the decoration of the countertop and even the auditorium, and so on. Some of these decorations are variations and reconciliations of colors, and some are the combination of dense lines, thickness, and yin and yang. The purpose is that in every TV picture, in addition to people as the main body, the beauty of the background as the background should be beautiful. Moreover, compared with the beauty of drama, the workmanship is more elaborate, because the camera will bring the subject very close.

In recent years, LED screens have been used as backgrounds and along side curtains, floor screens, and even as scenes. This has brought new challenges to the beauty and lighting design and other departments. In the traditional stage art in the past, the decoration of the stage and the changes of the scenery mainly rely on painting or inkjet techniques, and through the change of scenery. The application of modern LED screens is to make a fixed picture or a flowing video through a computer, combined with the change of the geographical position of the screen. These two methods are very different, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The traditional dance beauty, its changes need to switch the curtain, lift the boom, push and pull the scene, rotate the stage and other means and means to complete, the changing time will be very long. Between the two shows, the audience needs to wait for tens of seconds or even minutes. This will lengthen the party time and slow down the rhythm of the show, which is not conducive to enjoying the show. Moreover, the traditional dance beauty is not as realistic as the modern dance, because the modern dance beauty can use the computer to make a real 3D effect, and can also load the streaming video, which is not possible with the traditional dance beauty. The change and switching of modern dance beauty can be done in an instant, which is also difficult to achieve in traditional dance. This momentary completion of the beauty switch can save time, ensure the rhythm of the performance, and will not give the audience a sense of length. So, is there any advantage in traditional dance? The answer is no. Traditional dance, scenes and canopy are all outlined with a brush and a pigment, or matched, colored and pasted with various materials. It has a strong texture. LED screen as a beauty, it does not have these advantages, there are the following shortcomings: 1, LED screen brightness is generally high, in order to ensure the video effect, this requires the light must increase the number of lights and illumination, to put the actors in front of the screen or Real scenes or props to brighten, in order to seek the same as the large screen illumination. Because TV cameras generally use the actor as the standard to adjust the aperture to see if the exposure is appropriate. If the background large screen brightness is too high, when the actor is properly exposed, the actor and the big screen appear in the TV screen at the same time, the big screen may appear white, nothing can be seen! 2, the LED screen will be reflective, especially on the black screen It will be more obvious. And it will produce moiré, which is a problem that is still not solved at present.

Second, the light

I think that the factors that affect the visual effects of TV, in addition to dancing, are lights. With the advancement of society, the development of science, the improvement of people's appreciation level, the requirements for lighting are getting higher and higher.

The influence of lighting on the picture is divided into content and form from the artistic level.

1. Content.

I think that according to the needs of the program or the plot, the light, darkness, color, light position, etc. of the light are mainly to portray the character's psychology, express the character image, highlight the center of the program, or dye the scene and space, or to beautify the character. For example, in addition to playing the face light, the host also played back light, bottom light, etc., in order to make people three-dimensional, appear younger. In short, the use of light is for people, scenery, clothing, props and other services. Lighting design in the color matching, light and dark contrast, light position layout, coloring the scenes, props, space, should be reasonably matched according to the requirements of TV recording, in addition to the above basic purpose, but also make the picture look beautiful.

2. Form.

The form I am talking about mainly refers to the way of externalization of the light position setting, arrangement and array of the lamps. For example, several rows of beam lights are arranged in a fan plane, or at the same time at one point; for example, after several rows of LED PAR lamps are used for spatial staining, and then several sets of SPOT are used to project neatly in the air or the ground from several angles; The background uses array lights to make a lot of running lights and so on. The main purpose of all these externalized lighting effects is to make the TV picture look good.

The impact of lighting on the screen, in terms of technology, has the following points:

1, illuminance.

If you want a beautiful TV screen, you must first meet the requirements. In the past, to meet the recording requirements, the illumination must reach 800 LUX or higher. With the development of science and technology, the requirements for camera contrast have been reduced, and even low illumination, as long as the aperture is enlarged, it can be recorded. Although the camera can record in low light, it does not mean that the lighting design only meets this minimum requirement for basic lighting placement. Because, in the case of video recording in low illumination, the aperture must be opened very large. The consequence of this is that although the subject is clear, the background is blurred, and the subject being photographed may also be due to insufficient illumination. Looks like the shape and color is not delicate enough. Therefore, the lighting designer must give himself room to reach illuminance of 1000 LUX or higher, so that the camera or technology does not appear to be illuminating when it is very small, and different guides and camera pairs The requirements for the aperture are different.

2, color temperature.

The color temperature of the tungsten halogen lamp on the stage is generally about 3200K, while the computer lamp is generally above 5600K. The surface lighting used for TV recording is generally two ways, tungsten halogen lamps or computer lights. Of course, there are also a mixture of these two lights. The method of changing the color temperature of the tungsten halogen lamp is generally to add colored paper in front of the lamp, such as the Garrett 82 series, to increase the color temperature. The color temperature of the previous computer lights could not be changed. Later, the color wheel had a color film that could drop to 3200K. Now the color temperature of advanced computer lights can be changed at will, it is much more convenient. The color temperature of the follow-up light is generally very high. Above 6000K, sometimes it is necessary to reduce the color temperature. The method is to add color temperature paper in front of the lamp, Ryden 85 series. Some advanced follow-up lights can also change the color temperature as you like a computer light. As a lighting designer, you must understand this because it is very important for video effects. In the past party, the design of lighting is generally like this: the surface light is a tungsten halogen lamp with a color temperature of 3200K, and the backlight and sidelights use a lot of computer lights with a color temperature of 5600K to make effects, fixed light or even backlight. If the camera uses a 3200K tungsten halogen lamp to adjust the white balance, the white light of the computer light is also blue in the TV screen. The color of the computer light will be darker, heavier and more distorted. Therefore, more and more lighting designs use high-temperature computer lights to make surface light. When the camera is whitened, it is adjusted according to the color temperature of the computer lights. The advantage of this is that the color temperature of the surface light and the backlight and the side light are unified, the picture is transparent, and the color reproduction is better. In short, if you want a beautiful picture, try to use a uniform color temperature to illuminate the characters, but this is not easy to do, because there are many kinds of lamps on the stage, and there are also large screens and other ambient light that will affect the characters. Therefore, the lighting engineer should try to be accurate when it is in the light, and reduce the influence of other light on the characters.

3, light ratio.

The light ratio I am talking about mainly refers to two aspects. The first is the light ratio of the person's own face light and back light, side light, etc.; the second is the light ratio between the person and the background. One of the main tasks of light is to illuminate a character (that is, an actor). How to illuminate a character is expressed in the use of light. For example, lighting the host, especially for the hostess, generally follows the principle that the contrast between the surface and the backlight is not too strong. I think the light is better than 1:1.25. Moreover, the face light is required to be relatively flat, so that the shadows of the host's face, nose, eyes, etc. will be relatively small, and the wrinkles are not conspicuous. It seems that the host is younger, and sometimes the host will add some side light and foot light. The effect of backlighting and sidelighting is to make things more three-dimensional, to make things separate from the background, not too flat. The foot light is to eliminate the shadow generated by the face light, making the face of the person more flat, smooth and young. However, in drama and essays, in order to highlight the character or the inner world, there is a completely different usage than the host. For example, the surface light is darkened, the side light and the back light are strengthened. Let's talk about the light ratio between the character and the background. The light ratio between the character and the background is also very important. After doing the lighting of the character itself, it is necessary to adjust the light ratio between the background and the background. It is also possible to re-adjust the light ratio and illumination of the character according to the background illumination. Everything we do is for the characters. Therefore, the background illumination cannot be too bright, otherwise the character will be "eaten". I think that many of the current beauty designs are too focused on the background image. In addition to the brightness, the background design is dazzling and complicated, which will attract the attention of the audience to the beauty itself, not the characters. There are also a lot of places to pay attention to light, such as the contrast between the main characters and the secondary characters, etc., not to elaborate. In short, the light is better than the work done, the TV picture will be clear and distinct, and the level will be beautiful!

Third, the camera

In a sense, the importance of video to TV pictures may be higher than that of various departments such as beauty and lighting.

There are two factors that affect the TV picture: one is a person and the other is a machine. Let me talk about the human factor first, because people are more important than machines. If you have advanced camera equipment, there is no good person who can operate, and a cameraman who does not have a good aesthetic will not take a beautiful picture. Specifically, if the camera never gives a beautiful panorama to the beautiful dance, don't give the beautiful host a close shot, or the light is giving the dance a beautiful change according to the music, but the camera does not give a panoramic view, but gives a certain mass. The actor has a close-up, and the effort to dance, light, make-up, etc. is in vain. Therefore, a good camera should understand composition, understand art, understand lighting, understand music, understand dance, understand the plot, etc., and know what to show to the audience at a certain node. Let me talk about the machine. Although the machine is not important, if you don't equip the cameraman with advanced machines, just like the Eighth Route Army's millet plus rifle and the Japanese devils and the Kuomintang with advanced weapons, although they finally won, they also paid a heavy price! As far as photography is concerned, it may be a failure. If you don't give the cameraman a high-definition camera, but you want to shoot a high-definition picture, the highly skilled cameraman is also impossible to accomplish! Ziyi: If you want to do something good, you must first sharpen the tool, you can see how labor tools are. important!

From another perspective, the factors that affect the TV picture are camera positions. For example, there is a dance, the dancer's big round set of small circles, three layers inside and outside, the three circles rotate in clockwise, counterclockwise, clockwise order, the dancers turn in a beautiful dress, if at the top of the center of the circle Shooting with the camera will be beautiful, and it will be clear how the three circles turn. If the camera is shot in parallel in front of the stage, the audience can't see the overall beautiful picture. It can be seen that the camera position is very important for the TV screen!

Another factor that affects TV screens is the adjustment of white balance, referred to as "whitening." Whitening is a job that must be done before recording a party, and it is very important. If the whitening is not in place, it will affect the accuracy of the color reproduction of the picture, and will also produce the color difference of multiple positions. The whitening of the camera is closely related to the color temperature of the luminaire. We know that the lighting on the stage may be a variety of lights, a variety of angles, the color temperature of different types of lamps is not the same, even between the same kind of lamps, the color temperature will be slightly different. The purpose of whitening is to make the color of the camera images of all angles uniform and accurate. If you don't adjust the white or whiten, the actors and pictures are not uniform or even difficult to see in each camera. For example, the host's face is illuminated by a computer light with a color temperature of 5600K, and the whitening is performed according to the 3200K conventional light fixture. Then the host's face appearing on the TV screen will be blue, and the clothing may also be distorted. Very ugly. The importance of whitening can be seen.

Fourth, clothing and makeup

When we watch the program, we mainly watch the actors' performances, including facial expressions, body movements, and language. The fundamental purpose of clothing and makeup design is to better help actors perform. For example, in order to let young actors play the old man, wrinkle the actor, wear a wig, etc., in order to make the actor more confident, let himself also let the audience believe that he is an old man. For example, in the song and dance, the dancers are put on beautiful costumes, and the solo actors or the leaders are dressed in different colors and styles to create the feeling of holding the stars. Is this TV picture beautiful? As mentioned, since the camera can pull everything on the stage very close, this requires that the clothing not only be beautiful, but also the workmanship should be fine. When the lens is zoomed in, it will not see the opening, damage, etc.; the makeup is not only beautiful, And to be meticulously in place, when the lens is zoomed in, it is best not to see the traces of makeup, this is the highest level of makeup. A very important purpose of these efforts in clothing and make-up is to make the TV picture beautiful.

Five, technology

The technology I am talking about mainly refers to the technicians who are responsible for adjusting the aperture size. We know that the current TV video, the adjustment of the aperture is not done by the cameraman, but by the technical staff of the broadcast room to adjust the control, commonly known as the aperture. In the video recording, there is a console in front of the staff of the aperture. The console has a lot of putters, and each putter corresponds to one camera and one monitor. It is these push rods that control the size of the camera aperture. The size of the aperture determines the brightness of the picture. The larger the aperture, the brighter the picture; the smaller the aperture, the darker the picture. Adjusting the aperture seems simple, but it is not. Let me give you two examples that happened to me. Once, the unit prepared for the video recording. The opening light that I designed for the essay is a slow-to-light slow-up process. Maimei has designed a projection screen in the back area. The image on the projection screen is a pair of less bright snow and cottages. The director shouted in front of the monitor outside the theater and began to see the picture for a long time. Just say how dark the lights are? You can't see the picture! I am sitting in the theater to direct the lighting operation. I know that with my years of experience, the lighting is no problem, and the video should be completely acceptable. So I ran to the director's desk and said to the person with the aperture that you opened the aperture, he opened a little bigger, still could not see the picture. I said, if you open up again, the result will come out! Why is this happening? Because the people with the aperture are often with the TV series, and have never been to the party. He doesn’t know that the party lights are often weak to strong. From bright to dark. The lighting of the TV series is almost unchanged, and it will be very different from the evening. And he is not in the theater, can't see the scene. Coupled with a director who doesn't know much about the party, this black pot often gives the light back! Another time, I gave the local TV a Spring Festival Evening. After the opening dance, several hosts came out in front of the stage. When the guide turns to switch the host, I found that there are individual hosts who are particularly dark. I know that this is not a problem with my lighting, because when I illuminate, it is uniform, and in the panorama, there is almost no difference between them, even if there are nuances, it is because of their own skin color. The problem must be in the aperture, and the person with the aperture may take the aperture of the camera of the individual host to be too small, so that it is too dark compared to other hosts! There are many people who believe in the aperture too. Some indicator data, not believe in your own eyes. I think I should believe in the eyes, and the eyes are comfortable to see the picture is the most important!

Six, smoke

Some people may say that there is anything worth talking about in the smoke? I think that in the current party, the smoke is extremely important! The current TV party directors, dancers, lights, etc. and the audience are increasingly demanding pictures. The more perfect. One of the requirements is that the picture needs to be "transparent". "Transparent" means that the picture is clean and thorough, and unlike the smog, the people and things in the picture cannot be seen clearly. Sometimes, some of the secondary characters and backgrounds in the picture are deliberately not intended to be seen by the audience, in order to highlight the main characters. But this is not done with smoke, but with the camera's large aperture and focus. It is the blur of the background people and objects, and the picture is also transparent.

The light is very fond of smoke, because the light only uses the medium such as smoke, water mist, yarn, etc., to let the audience see its beam, pattern, color and so on. In many past evenings, the lighting was designed to highlight the light, highlight the formal sense of the light (such as the beam effect), use a lot of smoke, and even smoke. Moreover, these smoke and smoke cakes are uneven in the air, and some float in the air, and some sink below, for a long time. What's more, the actor is drowned in the smoke. The whole TV screen looks dirty and impenetrable. Can this picture be beautiful?

In the past, the smoke emitted by the hood was uneven in the air, some places, and some did not. So sometimes we see that the light beam from the light is broken, the length is different, and the picture is very beautiful. Later, the manufacturer improved the hood and smoke oil and produced a fog machine. The smoke emitted by the fog machine was very uniform in the air, which prevented the light beam from being disconnected and unevenly distributed in the air. The problem is loved by lighting design. Moreover, more and more lighting designs realize that lighting can't be “snapped”. The ultimate responsibility of lighting is to serve the actors and not exist purely for the form of lighting. Therefore, in the current TV video, less and less smoke, even no smoke, so that the TV screen is more transparent.

In fact, there are still many factors that affect the effect of the TV party screen. I won’t go into details here. In short, recording a beautiful and successful TV party is the result of sincere cooperation, perfection and hard work of all departments. Every department is indispensable!

About the Author:

Yan Xigang graduated from the Lighting Design Department of the Stage Art Department of the Shanghai Theatre Academy. He is currently the lighting designer of the Air TV Art Center. The main works are:

First party

Ningxia TV 60th Anniversary Party Lighting Design, Ningxia TV 2010 Spring Festival Evening Lighting Design, Beijing TV "HP Universal Film and Television 5th Anniversary Special Program" Lighting Design, Beijing TV Station "Party 80th Anniversary Art Evening" Lighting Design, Dream Water Cube Large Panorama Ballet Show "Swan Lake" lighting design, Beijing celebrates the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the large-scale mass singer evening "I love my singing" lighting design.

Second, drama

The lighting dramas such as "Love You Not Easy", "Clear Sky", "The World", "Thunder Rose" and so on.

Third, the TV series

In the TV series "The Story of the Anecdote Class 3", "After the House", "Health Express" and other props design.

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