Features and applications of power conversion chip TPS5430
Abstract: TPS5430 is a new DC/DC switching power conversion chip from TI (Texas Instruments, USA). Its superior performance has made it a widespread concern when it has just been launched. This paper describes the characteristics, parameters, functions and structures of the chip, and introduces its application in seismic precursor observation instruments in combination with practical conditions.
I. Introduction
Earthquake precursor observation instruments are an important part of earthquake precursor observation. Only the instrument is stable and reliable, and it can provide continuous raw data for earthquake precursor analysis. Continuous excavation and replacement of low-performance, old components with high-performance components is one way to improve instrument performance.
The TPS5430 is TI's latest high performance DC/DC switching power conversion chip. We developed it and applied it to the data acquisition system of the TJ-2 volumetric strain gauge.
Second, TPS5430 Introduction
1.TPS5430 features
The TPS5430 has good characteristics, and its performance and main parameters are as follows:
High current output: 3A (peak 4A);
Wide voltage input range: 5.5~36V;
High conversion efficiency: the best condition is up to 95%;
Wide voltage output range: the minimum can be adjusted to drop to 1.221V;
Internal compensation minimizes the number of external components;
Fixed 500kHz conversion rate;
Overcurrent protection and thermal shutdown function;
With switch enable pin, the off state has only 17uA quiescent current;
Internal soft start Compared with other DC switching power conversion chips of the same type, the high conversion efficiency of the TPS5430 is particularly worthy of attention.
Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between TPS5430 conversion efficiency and output current at 12V input voltage and 5V output voltage.
Figure 1 Efficiency vs. current graph of the TPS5430 chip
2. Function and structure
(1) Pin description:
The TPS5430 is available in an 8-pin SO IC PowerPADTM package in the form shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 TPS5430 package
(2) Internal structure and function:
1 crystal oscillator (Oscillator) frequency.
A fixed 500kHz slew rate results in a smaller output inductance at the same output ripple requirement.
2 Reference voltage.
By scaling the temperature to stabilize the output range of the bandgap circuit, the reference voltage system produces an accurate reference signal. It has been tested that the bandgap and scaling circuits are balanced at 1.221V voltage output over the allowable temperature range.
3 ENA (enable foot) and ( Slow Start) internal soft start.
When the voltage on the ENA pin exceeds the limit voltage, the converter and the internal soft start start to work. Below the limit voltage, the converter stops working and the soft start starts to reset. The converter stops when the ENA pin is grounded or the voltage is less than 015V. The ENA foot can be left floating.
4 UVLO (undervoltage lockout).
The TPS5430 has a UVLO circuit. The conversion chip does not work as long as V IN (input voltage) is lower than the limit voltage during power-up or power-down. The typical hysteresis value of the UVLO comparator is 330mV.
5 Boost CaPACitor (starting capacitor).
Connect a 0.01μF ceramic capacitor between the BOOT pin and the PH pin to provide the gate voltage for the high side of the MOSFET.
6 VSENSE (external feedback) and Internal CompensaTIon (internal compensation).
The output voltage is fed back to the VSENSE pin by an external resistor divider. In steady state, the voltage at the VSENSE pin is equal to the voltage reference value of 1.221V. The TPS5430 has an internal compensation circuit that simplifies the chip design.
7 Voltage Feed Forward.
The internal positive voltage feedback ensures that the power chip has a constant gain regardless of the input voltage. This greatly simplifies the stability analysis and improves the transient response. The positive feedback gain of the TPS5430 is typically 25.
8 Pulse – W idth – ModulaTIon Control.
The converter takes a fixed frequency control method.
9 Overcurrent Protection.
The overcurrent protection circuit allows the internal overcurrent indicator to be set to true and the overcurrent protection to be triggered when the current exceeds the limit.
10 Thermal Shutdown.
The junction temperature exceeds the temperature shutdown point, the voltage parameter is set to ground, and the high-side MOSFET is turned off. Controlled by the soft-start circuit, the chip restarts when the junction temperature drops 14°C below the temperature shutdown point.
Third, the application of TPS5430 in seismic precursor observation data acquisition system
The data acquisition system is an important part of the earthquake precursor observation instrument. It converts the weak analog signal detected by the sensor into a digital signal and calculates it to provide reliable data for subsequent seismic analysis.
Initially, we used a chip power supply such as the MAX1626 to power the TJ-2 volumetric strain gauge data acquisition system. However, in the test we found that the system is unstable and the instrument will automatically restart. The reason is that the MAX1626 and other chip power supplies are not sufficiently large. Therefore, after many investigations, we finally chose the TPS5430 chip with strong load capacity, high efficiency and few peripheral devices as the power supply, and supplied power to the A/D conversion module and data processing module of the data acquisition system. The principle is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the data acquisition system.
Circuit design
In the design process of the power supply for the TJ-2 type volumetric strain gauge data acquisition system, the design parameters should be determined according to the work requirements, and then the circuit should be designed according to the parameters and the peripheral components should be selected.
(1) Design parameter requirements
Input voltage range: 10.8~19.8V; output voltage: 5V; input ripple voltage: 300mV; output ripple voltage: 30mV; output rated current: 3A.
(2) Application circuit
The power supply design of this system uses the classic circuit of TPS5430, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 1018~1918V input to 5V output voltage application circuit diagram
(3) Selection of components
1 input capacitor.
The TPS5430 requires a slightly larger decoupling capacitor. A 10μF (C 1) high performance ceramic capacitor is recommended here. You can also choose a smaller capacitor, but meet the input voltage and current ripple requirements.
2 output filter components.
Output filter components, ie L 1 , C 2. The TPS5430 has an internal compensation circuit. The output inductor is related to the maximum output current. Here, a 15μH inductor is selected.
Output capacitance is an important design factor affecting rated voltage, rated ripple current, and equivalent impedance (ESR). In this application, a 220μF output capacitor is selected. The RMS ripple current generated in the circuit is 143mA, and the maximum ESR is 40MΩ.
3 output voltage setting.
The output voltage is determined by the resistance of the VSENSE pin (R 1 , R 2 ). If the output voltage is 5.0V, the reference voltage is 1.221V, and R1 is 10kΩ, then R2 is determined to be 3.24kΩ.
4 BOOT (start) capacitor.
BOOT capacitor C 2 selects 0.01μF.
5 capture diodes.
The TPS5430 requires an external capture diode, select B340A, which has a reverse voltage of 40V, a forward current of 3A, and a forward voltage of 0.5V.
2. Circuit board design
TI recommended the TPS5430's 10.8~19.8V input to 5V output voltage circuit board layout and component placement diagram, as shown in Figure 5.
The circuit design process of the TPS5430 should follow the design principles of the general power conversion chip circuit to achieve the desired results. There are two other points to note:
1 PowerPAD is required to be connected to the ground. The pad can be placed directly under the chip and punched through the hole to facilitate the correct Ma Aihong, etc.: The power conversion chip TPS5430 and its application soldering.
2 If there is no special requirement for ENA foot, it can be suspended, and signal via can be reserved.
Figure 5 circuit board design
Fourth, the conclusion.
At present, the data acquisition instrument of the TJ22 volumetric strain gauge powered by TPS5430 power supply has been put into practical use in many seismic stations such as Inner Mongolia and Yunnan. After verifying that the power supply is in good working condition, all performances can meet the work requirements and can be extended to other hardware designs.
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