Talking about the technology development trend chip of CCD sensor camera
A CCD (Charge-coupled Device) is a charge coupled device and can be called a CCD image sensor. A CCD is a semiconductor device that converts optical images into digital signals. The tiny photosensitive material implanted on the CCD is called a pixel (Pixel). The more pixels a CCD contains, the higher the resolution of the screen it provides. The CCD acts like a film, but it converts image pixels into digital signals. The CCD has a number of neatly arranged capacitors that sense light and convert the image into a digital signal. Each small capacitor can transfer its charge to its adjacent capacitor via control of an external circuit.
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CCD is the core device of the camera, so its performance will directly affect the quality of the camera, and the development of CCD is the basis of camera replacement. Let's talk specifically about the technical development direction of CCD.
The development of the image size of CCD sensor in the direction of integration and weight reduction
Due to the high cost of manufacturing CCD sensor silicon wafers and processing, it is hoped that more CCD sensor chips will be lithographically printed on a 6.5-inch silicon wafer. Due to the advancement of the lithography machine, it still maintains high sensitivity. Under the characteristics, the size of the CCD sensor is 1/2 inch, 1/3 inch, 1/4 inch, 1/5 inch. In 1993, 1/2-inch CCD sensors accounted for 5% of total production; 1/4-inch CCD sensors accounted for 10% of total production; 1/3-inch CCD sensors accounted for 85% of total production. In 1997, when the total output increased by more than 200% compared with 1993, the 1/2-inch CCD sensor still has a great development, accounting for 15% of the total output (1/2 inch still due to the larger target surface). Many occasions are needed, especially in scientific research; 1/4 inch CCD sensing accounts for 60% of total production. That is to say, the 1/2-inch larger target size CCD sensor still has a large increase. The production of 1/4-inch CCD sensors is a smaller percentage of total output than 1/3-inch CCD sensors.
CCD sensor development to high prime, multi-standard
The image size of various CCD sensors is decreasing, but the number of pixels is increasing, which has been developed from the early 512 (H) × 596 (V) to 795 (H) × 596 (V), and even more than megapixels CCD sensor. In order to improve the resolving power in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, it has progressed from the usual interlaced scanning to the progressive scanning format.
Reduce the operating voltage of the CCD sensor and reduce power consumption
The CCD cameras developed at the beginning have +24V, +22V, +17V and +5V, etc., and the current general purpose is +12V. In order to cooperate with the application of PC camera and network image transmission, the working voltages of +12V and +5V are gradually adopted.
Improve the manufacturing efficiency of CCD cameras
In order to reduce the manufacturing cost of CCD camera and realize high-speed automatic production, manufacturers pursue compact structure and work on miniaturization of CCD camera, which is improved by DipOnBoard (DOB) tin plate process to ChipOnBoard (COB) on board IC chip. SMD method. So far, MultiChipModule (MCM) multi-chip integrated modular manufacturing technology for multi-layer boards has been realized.
Digitization of CCD cameras
In the manufacture of CCD cameras, DSP digital processing is gradually realized from the previous Analog simulation system, and the CCD camera, especially the color CCD camera, can be quantitatively adjusted by means of an electronic computer and a special software system to ensure the performance of the CCD camera. Optimized consistency of indicators and quantitative modification of parameters under special conditions of use.
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