First, the unity of practicality and beauty
Human beings live in a world of creation. Any artifact is a system with corresponding functions combined with various materials and structures. The functions, materials, structures and shapes constitute a specific object. Han Dynasty lamps with its perfect function, exquisite structure, beautiful shape, exquisite material decoration, integration of practical and beautiful, has great practical significance for us to engage in product design today.
1, perfect function
The Han Dynasty luminaires are versatile and can be adapted to a variety of environments. For example, the lampshade installed with the lamp has the functions of windshield and dimming, and can adjust the intensity of the light and the direction of illumination at will; some of the lampshade panels also have hollow diamond holes. It can dissipate heat and light, and it is more reasonable in use. The cylindrical lamp holder is a commonly used lamp in the Han Dynasty. In order to facilitate long-term use, the lamp holder is designed to have a deep mouth, and can store a large amount of oil. Most of the mouth edges are also large, so that it is easy to add various solids that are dissolved by heating. The material can also be inserted into a thick rod-shaped oiled candlestick and the ash is naturally placed in the open mouth.
The Han Dynasty luminaire fuel is mainly animal oil, which is easy to generate smoke indoors and pollute the indoor air. Therefore, most of the seat lights in the Han Dynasty were designed with smoke pipes, and stored in the lamp body. Most pictographic lamps use the organic part of the body itself as a smoke pipe, such as a human arm, a double horn or abdomen of a cow, a neck of a phoenix, a geese, a goose, etc. When the lamp burns, the smoke is dissolved through the smoke pipe. The clean water in the body cavity realizes the environmental protection function, and combines the use function and the purification environment organically, and the design is original. This is the first invention and creation of Han Dynasty luminaires in terms of function, and has an important position in the history of world lamps.
2, delicate structure
Han Dynasty lamps not only have good lighting functions, but also show clever ingenuity in the process structure. The structure is fully considered to be easy to disassemble, easy to clean, and easy to carry. The lamp panel of the Han Dynasty luminaire has a bean dish shape, a ring groove shape and an elliptical shape. The connection method of the lamp panel and the lamp body mainly includes casting, key, hinge, splicing, live shaft, etc., some large and complex bodies Hollow luminaires, except for the lamp and the lamp body, are cast and spliced, and the structures of other main styling parts are also designed by means of split casting. For example, the long letter lantern is made of the head, the body, the right arm, the lamp holder, the lamp panel and the lampshade, respectively, and then assembled and assembled. The various parts are organically integrated into one body, which is convenient to carry and disassemble. Simple and firm, it also helps to remove the dust from the lamp.
Han Dynasty lamps have clever combination design, such as three-in-one lights, which are combined into a single disc. When disassembled, they become three lamps. The three lamps are assembled, combined and integrated in different ways, such as buckles and inlays. The design is extremely successful. Casting is neat, the structure is exquisite, and the three lamps are high and short, can be placed in different positions to illuminate, considerate and thoughtful, the design is original; the copper lamp unearthed in Shouxian, Anhui, the lamp body is in the shape of a cup-shaped box, and the lid is half Place the livelihood, turn it on is the lamppost; the sheep-shaped lamp unearthed from the tomb of Liu Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty, the whole is a sheep-shaped, the back of the sheep is the movable cover, which is turned into a light plate, which can be placed flat on the sheep's head and covered. It is a reclining sheep, and it has a unique style. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was also popular to assemble money trees and continuous branches with high poles as the main body.
3, beautiful shape
The shape of the Han Dynasty lamps has been freed from the solemn, heavy and simple style of the pre-Qin period. It has become flexible, light, beautiful and vivid, and the style is simple and concise, reflecting the atmosphere and the simple style.
In the character shape, it pays attention not only to the external form of the form but also to the inner charm of the form. For example, the famous Changxin Palace lamp has created a natural and beautiful image of a lady, with a vivid posture, dignified and serene appearance, simple and smooth clothing, and both form and spirit, showing an abstract, dignified and profound subtle beauty.
In the animal shape, the shape is smart and beautiful, lively and lovely, and the style expression is highly generalized and abstract. For example, the Phoenix-shaped lamp unearthed in Guangxi has a neck-shaped head and a crown with a corolla on the top of the head. The two feathers are juxtaposed, the feathers are meticulously detailed, and the tail feathers are stretched and sag. The whole shape is dignified, graceful, stretched and lifelike, and the points, lines and faces are skillfully applied. The rhythmic performance between the bodies gives people a sense of quietness. Although they are still moving, they seem to move and move, and they form a perfect and unified lighting art of points, lines and faces.
The multi-branched lamp unearthed from the Tomb of Donghan in Gansu, the lamp holder is covered with a scorpion shape, and the main column of the lamppost is placed on top. The trunk is divided into three sections, each side is accompanied by a piece of carved feathers, and four branches are placed next to it. Dry, decorated with carved phoenix phoenix ornaments, the branches are dragged with lamps, and the enamel edges are decorated with leaf-shaped carved pieces. When the lights are ignited, the lights illuminate each other, transmitting hollowed-out pieces to form a magical and varied light and shadow. , all kinds of colors, beautiful.
4, exquisite material decoration
Beginning in the late Warring States period, the feudal nobles regarded the lamps as important practical sculptures for the desks, and the decoration was increasingly sophisticated. The materials of the Han Dynasty lamps were mainly bronze. The theme of bronze lamps and lanterns adopts various popular animal prints, plant prints, character prints and geometric patterns. In the decorative technique, various techniques such as lacquer painting, wrong gold and silver, and sheet metal are used to deliberately express the gorgeous beauty of the lamps. In the carving technique, a variety of techniques, such as round carving, high relief, and openwork, are used to enhance the artistic effect of the work. It fully embodies the rich imagination and superb carving skills of the Han craftsmen. In the Han Dynasty, there were also some plain bronze lamps, and they also had the beauty of "mistaken gold." The long-lasting lanterns of the Changxin Palace lanterns, the staggered brilliance of the branches, the fine silver of the wrong cow lamp, the contrast of the wrong silver and the red and green paintings on other lamps, fully demonstrate the beauty of the material of the bronze lamps themselves. Come a wonderful, rich psychological experience and aesthetic feeling.
Second, rich cultural connotation
The Han Dynasty's plastic art reflects a broad mind and grandeur, reflecting the strong self-confidence and creative desire of the Chinese nation at the beginning, reflecting the high will and aggressive courage of that era. Its creative approach is unrestrained and imaginative, reflecting the positive optimism and vigorous vitality and vitality of the Chinese nation.
And its natural, pure, and exquisite, not only carved, but also restored to the simple, but no flamboyant and pretentious style of later generations, reflecting the Chinese people's admiration of simplicity, harmony and rationality.
Like any other thing, the luminaire will not suddenly appear in a certain historical period. It is in response to the development and survival of human culture. Its design is inevitably marked with the cultural atmosphere of the times and the aesthetic style. brand.
The reason why the shape of the Han Dynasty lamps is mostly pictographic, because it enshrines rich implication and profound connotation, and has the cultural characteristics of pictographic meaning. The Confucian doctrine of the Han dynasty promoted the induction of the heavens and humans. Most of the luminaires were taken from the image of the sacred birds, such as the Suzaku lamp, the cow lamp, the sheep lamp, the Linlin lamp, the gull fish lamp, the dragon lamp, the turtle lamp, the rabbit lamp, etc. The meaning of the pictographic shape of these animals not only entrusted the Han people to pray for eternal happiness, the country is too peaceful and peaceful, and hopes that the immortality of the immortality and the emergence of the fairy will reflect the superstitious trend of the Han people, which not only affects the shape of the utensils, It also affects people's aesthetic concepts.
Therefore, Han Dynasty lamps, as an important part of Chinese material culture and spiritual culture, have created an intriguing aesthetic meaning with its unique ethnic style, special beauty and charm, and unique formal language.
Third, the conclusion
In modern society, science and technology are developing rapidly, but the basic relationship between the dual attributes of matter and spirit that lamps must have as practical products has not changed. Various advanced technologies enable the material properties of lamps to be better realized and played. While fully embodying the latest and most practical modern technology, it is extremely important and profound to satisfy the various aesthetic and cultural needs of the people, so that the lamps reflect the unique style and temperament of the national culture.
Based on the outstanding cultural and spiritual characteristics of traditional lighting design, with the help of modern materials and craftsmanship, it not only pays attention to the decorative beauty of the lamps but also the convenience of repeated production, thus creating many new forms with great national characteristics.
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